The first two are technical and absolute. The rest are competitive, which means they are slower to fix but more within your control.
Most common for a brand new site
The site is telling Google to stay away
How to check: A noindex tag in the page source, the WordPress search engine visibility setting left on, or Disallow: / in robots.txt. Search Console URL Inspection names this outright.
The fix: Remove the block, then request indexing in Search Console. Pages usually reappear within days. This is the single most satisfying fix on this list.
Very common
The site is too new
How to check: The domain is a few weeks or months old, everything is technically correct, and there is simply nothing there yet. Search Console shows pages indexed but very few impressions.
The fix: Patience plus signals. Get your Google Business Profile verified, get listed in the places your industry gets listed, and publish pages that answer real questions. There is no shortcut and anyone selling you one is selling you a problem.
Very common
You have no page about the thing you want to rank for
How to check: You want to rank for a service, and the only mention of it is one line on a combined services page. Meanwhile the sites above you each have a full page on it.
The fix: One page per service you actually sell, written for someone deciding whether to call. Say what it is, who it is for, what it costs or how pricing works, and where you do it. Thin pages that mention everything rank for nothing.
Very common for local businesses
The local signals are missing or inconsistent
How to check: The map results and the ordinary results are two different systems. Search your service plus your city and look at the map pack. If you are not in it, check whether your Google Business Profile is verified, categorized correctly, and shows the same name, address, and phone number as your website.
The fix: Verify and complete the Business Profile, and make the name, address, and phone identical everywhere they appear. Put the address and service area on the site itself, in text, not only in an image.
Common
Nothing links to you
How to check: A page that nothing on your own site links to is hard for Google to find and reads as unimportant. Check your own navigation and body text first, before worrying about links from other sites.
The fix: Link related pages to each other in the body text with descriptive wording. Then get the easy external ones: chamber of commerce, suppliers, trade associations, local sponsorships. Real relationships, not link schemes.
Common on template sites
The pages are duplicates of each other
How to check: Twenty city pages with the same three paragraphs and a different town name swapped in. Google indexes one and ignores the rest, which is exactly what you did not want.
The fix: Either make each page genuinely specific, with real local detail, or cut them down to a smaller number of pages you can actually make different. Fewer real pages beat many identical ones.
Less common but hard to spot
The content is only visible to a browser running JavaScript
How to check: View the page source and search for a sentence you can see on screen. If it is not in the source at all, your content is being assembled in the browser and may not be reliably seen.
The fix: Serve the important text in the initial HTML. This is a build decision rather than a settings change, so it is one to hand to whoever built the site.